Color Systems

The foundation of visual communication

RedOrangeYellowGreenBlueIndigoPurple
Color Scale Example
A typical blue color scale with 10 shades from light to dark
50
#EFF6FF
Backgrounds
100
#DBEAFE
Hover states
200
#BFDBFE
Borders
300
#93C5FD
Disabled states
400
#60A5FA
Placeholders
500
#3B82F6
Primary color
600
#2563EB
Hover primary
700
#1D4ED8
Active primary
800
#1E40AF
Text on light
900
#1E3A8A
Text emphasis
Color System Architecture
The structural foundation of color in design systems

Primitive Color Tokens

Base color values that serve as the foundation of your color system

blue-500
gray-200
red-700

Used by designers and developers as reference values, not directly in interfaces

Semantic Color Tokens

Purpose-based colors that communicate meaning and function

primary
danger
success
warning
info

Used for UI elements where the color conveys specific meaning to users

Component-Specific Tokens

Specialized color tokens for specific components or contexts

button-primary-background
card-border
input-focus-ring

Used to maintain consistency within component types while allowing for customization

State-Based Tokens

Colors that represent different interactive states

hover
active
disabled
focused
selected

Applied to interactive elements to provide visual feedback about their current state

Benefits of Systematic Color
Why color systems matter in product design

Consistency

Ensures visual harmony across products and platforms

Efficiency

Reduces decision fatigue and speeds up design and development

Scalability

Facilitates growth and adaptation to new products and features

Accessibility

Provides a framework for ensuring all users can perceive and understand content

Brand Alignment

Strengthens brand identity through consistent color application

Essential Best Practices

Start with Accessibility
Essential

Always ensure your color choices meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards (4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text, 3:1 for large text).

Use Semantic Naming
Essential

Name colors by their purpose (primary, danger, success) rather than their appearance (blue, red, green).

Create Color Scales
Intermediate

Develop 5-9 shades of each color for different use cases and states (hover, active, disabled).

Test for Color Blindness
Essential

Ensure your color system works for users with different types of color vision deficiency.

Document Color Usage
Intermediate

Provide clear guidelines on when and how to use each color in your system.

Plan for Dark Mode
Advanced

Design your color system to work in both light and dark themes from the start.

Ready to Build Your Color System?
Start with these essential resources and tools